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Washington, D.C., is the capital of the United States. It is coterminous
with the District of Columbia (abbreviated as "D.C."). The city and the
district are located on the banks of the Potomac River and bordered by the
Commonwealth of Virginia (to the southwest) and the State of Maryland (to
the northwest, northeast and southeast). The city was planned and developed
in the late 18th century to serve as the permanent national capital; the
federal district was formed to keep the national capital distinct from the
states.
The city was named after George Washington, the first President of the
United States. The district's name, "Columbia", is an early poetic name for
the United States and a reference to Christopher Columbus, an early explorer
of the Americas. The city is commonly referred to as Washington, The
District, or simply D.C. In the 19th century, it was called the Federal City
or Washington City. Its population is about 588,292. The Washington
Metropolitan Area is the eighth-largest in the United States with more than
five million residents, and the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area has a
population exceeding eight million. If Washington, D.C. were a state, it
would rank last in area (behind Rhode Island), second to last in population
(ahead of Wyoming), first in population density, and 35th in gross state
product.
The centers of all three branches of the U.S. government are located in the
District. Also situated in the city are the headquarters for the World Bank,
the International Monetary Fund, the Organization of American States, the
Inter-American Development Bank, and other national and international
institutions, including trade unions and professional associations.
Washington is a frequent location for political demonstrations and protests,
large and small, particularly on the National Mall. A center of American
history and culture, Washington is a popular destination for tourists,
the site of numerous national landmarks and monuments, the world's largest
museum complex (the Smithsonian Institution), galleries, universities,
cathedrals, performing arts centers and institutions, and native music
scenes. The District also includes substantial areas of surprisingly wild
natural habitat, particularly along the Potomac and Anacostia rivers, as
well as most parts of Rock Creek Park and Theodore Roosevelt Island (located
in the Potomac River).
The District of Columbia and the city of Washington are governed by a single
municipal government and for most practical purposes, are considered to be
the same entity. This has not always been the case: until 1871, when
Georgetown ceased to be a separate city, there were multiple jurisdictions
within the District. Although there is a municipal government and a
Mayor, Congress has the supreme authority over the city and district, which
results in citizens having less self-governance than residents of the
states. The District has a non-voting at-large Congressional representative.
In the financial year 2004, federal tax collections were $16.9 billion
while federal spending in the District was $37.6 billion
.
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