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Switzerland (German: Schweiz, French: Suisse, Italian: Svizzera, Romansh:
Svizra), officially the Swiss Confederation (Confoederatio Helvetica in
Latin, hence its ISO country code CHE), is a landlocked country of roughly
7.5 million people in Western Europe with an area of 41,285 km². Switzerland
is a federal republic consisting of 26 states called cantons. Berne is the
seat of the federation and de facto capital, while the country's economic
centres are its two global cities, Geneva and especially Zürich. Switzerland
is one of the richest countries in the world.
Switzerland is bordered by Germany, France, Italy, Austria and
Liechtenstein. Switzerland is multilingual and has four national languages:
German, French, Italian and Romansh. Switzerland has a long history of
neutrality – it has not been at war since 1815 – and hosts many
international organizations, including the Red Cross, the WTO and one of the
U.N.'s two European offices.
The Latin formal name of Switzerland, Confoederatio Helvetica is derived
from the Helvetii, an ancient Celtic people in the Alpine region. It is
rendered in German as Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft, in French as
Confédération suisse, in Italian as Confederazione Svizzera and in Romansh
as Confederaziun svizra. The independence of Switzerland is traditionally
dated to August 1, 1291; the first of August is the national holiday.
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