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Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (Tamil:
இலங்கை; known as Ceylon before 1972) is an island nation in South Asia,
located about 31 kilometres (19.3 mi) off the southern coast of India.
Popularly referred to as the Pearl of the Indian Ocean, it is home to
around twenty million people.
Because of its location in the path of major sea routes, Sri Lanka is a
strategic naval link between West Asia and South East Asia, and has been a
center of Buddhist religion and culture from ancient times. Today, the
country is a multi-religious and multi-ethnic nation, with nearly a third of
the population following faiths other than Buddhism, notably Hinduism,
Christianity and Islam. The Sinhalese community forms the majority of the
population, with Tamils, who are concentrated in the north and east of the
island, forming the largest ethnic minority. Other communities include the
Muslim Moors and Malays and the Burghers.
Famous for the production and export of tea, coffee, rubber and coconuts,
Sri Lanka boasts a progressive and modern industrial economy and the highest
per capita income in South Asia. The natural beauty of Sri Lanka's tropical
forests, beaches and landscape, as well as its rich cultural heritage, make
it a world famous tourist destination.
After over two thousand years of rule by local kingdoms, parts of Sri Lanka
were colonized by Portugal and the Netherlands beginning in the 16th
century, before the control of the entire country was ceded to the British
Empire in 1815. During World War II, Sri Lanka served as an important base
for Allied forces in the fight against the Japanese Empire. A nationalist
political movement arose in the country in the early 20th century with the
aim of obtaining political independence, which was eventually granted by the
British after peaceful negotiations in 1948.
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