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The Czech Republic (Czech: Česká republika , short form in Czech: Česko, ,
is a landlocked country in Central Europe and a member state of the European
Union. The country has borders with Poland to the north, Germany to the
northwest and southwest, Austria to the south, and Slovakia to the east. The
capital and largest city is Prague (Czech: Praha), a major tourist
destination. The country is composed of the historic regions of Bohemia and
Moravia, as well as parts of Silesia.
The Czech lands were under Habsburg rule from 1526, later becoming part of
the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary. The independent republic of
Czechoslovakia was created in 1918, following the collapse of the
Austro-Hungarian empire after World War I. After the Munich Agreement,
German occupation of Czechoslovakia and the consequent disillusion with the
Western response and liberation of major part of Czechoslovakia by the Red
Army, the Communist party gained the majority in 1946 elections. Following a
coup in 1947, Czechoslovakia became a Communist party- ruled state from 1948
until the 1989 Velvet Revolution. On 1 January 1993, the country peacefully
split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
The Czech Republic is a pluralist multi-party parliamentary representative
democracy. President Václav Klaus is the current head of state. The Prime
Minister is the head of government (currently Mirek Topolánek). The
Parliament has two chambers — the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The
Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. It is
also a member of the OECD, the Visegrád group and the Council of Europe.
The country is the first former member of the Comecon and the first present
member of the Visegrád countries to achieve the status of a developed
country (2006) according to the World Bank. The Czech Republic also ranks
best compared to the former Comecon members in international surveys,
including the Human Development Index and quality of life.
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