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Cyprus (Greek: Κύπρος, Kýpros; Turkish: Kıbrıs), officially the Republic of
Cyprus (Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία, Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía; Turkish: Kıbrıs
Cumhuriyeti) is a Eurasian island country situated in the eastern
Mediterranean south of Turkey, west of the Levant, north of Egypt, and
east-southeast of Greece.
Cyprus is the third-largest island and one of the most popular tourist
destinations in the Mediterranean, attracting over 2.4 million tourists per
year. A former British colony, it gained independence from the United
Kingdom in 1960 and became a Commonwealth republic in 1961. The Republic of
Cyprus is a developed country and has been a member of the European Union
since 1 May 2004. It adopted the euro on the 1st of January 2008. Cyprus is,
at present, one of only two countries in the world to have a democratically
elected communist government (the other being Moldova), and is the only
European Union member state currently under communist leadership.
In 1974, following a period of violence between Greek Cypriots and Turkish
Cypriots and an attempted Greek Cypriot coup d'état aimed at annexing the
island to Greece and sponsored by the Greek military junta of 1967-1974,
Turkey invaded and occupied one-third of the island. This led to the
displacement of thousands of Cypriots and the establishment of a separate
Turkish Cypriot political entity in the north. This event and its resulting
political situation is a matter of ongoing dispute.
The Republic of Cyprus, the internationally recognized state, claimed
sovereignty over 97% of the island of Cyprus and all surrounding waters,
with the United Kingdom controlling the remaining three percent. The island
is de facto partitioned into four main parts. The Republic of Cyprus
exercises full effective control over approximately 59% of the island, the
TRNC controls over approximately 36% of the island, and the remaining
approximately 5% of the land mass is split evenly between British-controlled
Sovereign Base Areas and the UN-controlled Green Line.
* the area under the effective control of the Republic of Cyprus in the
south of the island;
* the Turkish occupied area in the north, calling itself the Turkish
Republic of Northern Cyprus (recognized only by Turkey);
* the United Nations-controlled Green Line, separating the two; and
* two Sovereign Base Areas (Akrotiri and Dhekelia), over which the United
Kingdom retained jurisdiction after Cypriot independence.
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