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Austria (German: Österreich) (Österreich ), officially the Republic of
Austria (German: Republik Österreich) (Republik Österreich ) , is a
landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech
Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy
to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The capital is
the city of Vienna on the Danube River.
The origins of modern Austria date back to the ninth century, when the
territory of Upper and Lower Austria became increasingly populated. The name
"Ostarrichi" is first documented in an official document from 996. Since
then this word has developed into the Modern German word Österreich
meaning "Eastern Realm" or "Eastern Empire."
Austria is a parliamentary representative democracy comprising nine federal
states and is one of six European countries that have declared permanent
neutrality and one of the few countries that includes the concept of
everlasting neutrality in its constitution. Austria has been a member of the
United Nations since 1955 and joined the European Union in 1995.
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